The Once and Future King by T. H. White | Symbolism

The Once and Future King by T. H. White | Symbolism The significance of imagery in writing ought not be underemphasized in light of the fact that it connects the solid ordinary encounters of our lives with progressively noteworthy understandings the writer applies to those encounters. Images are a significant component in how writing works.(Oldham) Symbolism is utilized by T. H. White all through The Once and Future King, and every one of the images utilized improves and adds profundity to the story. The Questing Beast is in excess of a beast; it speaks to pointless quests.(Ogden-Korus) The blade is in excess of a weapon; it is an image for all that is respectable and bold in Arthurian legend.(Lozon) The Round Table isn't just a household item that King Arthur decided to put in his palace; it is an image speaking to the standards of knighthood and Arthurs authority style.(Lupack) The Holy Grail isn't just a sought after fortune; it speaks to a guarantee of another beginning.(Howard) Symbolism in The Once and Future King is significant due to the improved profundity and importance it provides for the story as can be found in the Questing Beast, the blade, the Round Table, and the Holy Grail. Imagery is frequently hard to decipher in writing since images can have complex implications which go past their exacting or a solitary importance. In truth, the most expressive images in writing do speak to a scope of implications. This frequently befuddles and disappoints perusers and results in them neglecting to value the full significance and profundity of an artistic work.(Ricouer) For instance, a banner can be significantly more than an image speaking to a specific nation. For some individuals, a banner can represent theoretical thoughts regarding the goals of what that nation speaks to them.(Ohio University) When the intricate implications of the images in The Once and Future King are found, another degree of comprehension is picked up by the peruser. It becomes clear that not exclusively is the tale about the Arthurian legend, it is about the soul and beliefs that are spoken to by that legend. The Questing Beast is a notable image of Arthurian legend.(Batt) As suggested by its name, its capacity is to be the object of journeys. This mammoth, with a huge yelping commotion originating from its stomach, is regularly portrayed as having a panthers body, a snakes head, a lions rump, and a deers feet. In The Once and Future King, T. H. White uses this misjudged animal to clarify Pellinores journey for the brute and to represent that there is actually no rhyme or reason for Pellinore to spend a huge piece of his life in this mission. Pellinore holds no genuine individual annoyance against the mammoth, and seeks after him simply because everybody in his family has consistently done as such. Pellinores long hunt represents all the inconsequential gallant interests empowered by gallantry ungrounded in the conviction may makes right. The improbable body parts which structure this mammoth represent the disorder of those pursuits.(Ogden-Korus) When the peruser comprehends the imagery i n the Questing Beast, another importance and profundity is given to the story. The existence delineated by the knights and, thus, numerous missions looked for by individuals are frequently unprofitable undertakings with no genuine reason. While the imagery in the Questing Beast speaks to unprofitability, the imagery in the blade is entirely different. The mysterious blade of King Arthur is a weapon of incredible physical and supernatural powers, and is one of the most acclaimed things related with Arthurian legend. It, notwithstanding, is in excess of a weapon. In the blade is represented everything that is respectable and valiant on the planet. It is an image of solidarity, pride, power, and the position one man can order to bring a whole country under his rule.(Lozon) Such blades are made with the goal that lone a couple or one explicit individual can utilize them viably on the grounds that they are an image of awesome authority. In T. H. Whites The once and Future King, the words engraved on the blade are Whoso Pulleth Out This Sword of this Stone and Anvil, is Rightwise King Born of All England.(p. 197) Arthurs capacity to pull the blade from the stone demonstrates his value as a pioneer and his acknowledgment of all the obligation that such administration entails.(Lai) The sword is actually a test used to recognize external physical quality from an internal profound quality, and just the commendable forces that quality.(Lai) Understanding the imagery of the blade in The Once and Future King offers profundity whatever are the genuine characteristics of intensity and initiative on the planet and the duties that go with that authority. Similarly, the genuine characteristics of intensity and authority are additionally represented in The Once and Future King by the Round Table. In the story, the table isn't only the physical article around which Arthur and his knights sit, it is the physical portrayal of the correspondence among them. Its round shape represents reasonableness and equity for all. At the point when situated around the table, nobody could guarantee more significance than another. (Lupack) The incredible feeling of equity portrayed by the Round Table can be found in Robert Waces sonnet, Le Roman de Brut. Arthur formed the Round Table Of which numerous stories are told There sit his knights, Every one equivalent to the following: They sit similarly at the Table What's more, are similarly served. None of them can gloat That he sits in front of the following. None has a supported position, What's more, none is excluded.(9751-60) A comprehension of the feeling of correspondence represented by the Round Table empowers the peruser to understand the significance looking like the table. Further represented looking like the table is the whole request of knighthood and the code of valor to which the knights submitted themselves in their lives and in the interests they followed. This code of decency was communicated by numerous qualities including politeness, respect, and loyalty.(Lupack) Each of these attributes pressure the significance of driving a good and noble life. Through a comprehension of the imagery in the Round Table, the peruser increases a more profound gratefulness for the significance of right makes right and the need of uniformity throughout everyday life and its journeys. Notwithstanding ones journeys throughout everyday life, the point of each is to get a fortune. In The Once and Future King, a significant fortune looked for is the Holy Grail. Perusing the story without understanding the emblematic significance of the Holy Grail persuades that it is just a cup. Understanding the imagery, in any case, prompts an a lot further energy about the centrality of this fortune: its guarantee for a fresh start throughout everyday life. The difficulties associated with getting that guarantee are reflected in the level of trouble it takes to accomplish it. The vast majority would want to stick to the recognizable, regardless of how sub-par it might be, as opposed to confront the new. The longing and the capacity to take a stab at change recognizes the legend from the remainder of humankind. (Howard) Looking at the emblematic significance of the Holy Grail gives the peruser a superior comprehension of everything that could possibly be accomplished through the jou rneys in ones life. Taking everything into account, in spite of the fact that it is frequently hard to decipher imagery in writing, it is essential to do as such in The Once and Future King in view of the improved profundity and significance the peruser can pick up from the story. From the Questing Beast, the peruser discovers that may doesn't really make right. The characteristics of decent and valiant pioneers can be found in the blade. The Round Table backings the perfect that privilege does implies right. At long last, the imagery in the Holy Grail reveals another importance to the journeys that one endeavors throughout everyday life. Surely, imagery in writing ought not be viewed as baffling. Rather, it ought to be seen as energizing since it opens ways to extra perusing, rehashing, and conversation. This, thusly, gives a further knowledge and importance to writing. Imagery, through the numerous layers of significance it passes on, gives writing its profound and enduring characteristics.

Financial Statement summary of your analysis Essay

Budget report synopsis of your examination - Essay Example These proportions uncover the main concern of the organization and the profits it offers to its financial specialists (Kieso et al. 2011). Benefit proportions show the general proficiency and execution of the organization. Net benefit proportions expanded from 9.48% in 2012 to 9.76% in 2013 showing an expansion in gainfulness. It diminished from 9.76% in 2013 to 9369% in 2014 demonstrating a decrease in execution of the organization. For the most part, the company’s execution and efficiency,â its tasks have vacillated all through the period. Contrasted with the business, Nike is less productive on the grounds that its proportions are lower than those of the contenders. This classification of proportions shows how well an organization is dealing with its liabilities. They additionally show how successfully an organization is utilizing its resources for produce incomes (Wahlen et al. 2010). The days deals exceptional diminished from 49days in 2012 to 44.9 days in 2012. This infers Nike is beneficial to change over its deals into money rapidly. In 2014, it expanded to 45.1days from 44.9 days in 2013, suggesting a decrease in benefit because of moderate change of deals into money. Stock turnover expanded to 7.72 in 2013 from 7.24 in 2012 importance it utilized less inventories to create more income. In 2014, it utilized more inventories to produce less income since stock turnover diminished from 7.27 in 2013 to 7.04. Complete resource turnover diminished in 2013 to 1.44 from 1.50 in 2012 and expanded to 1.49 in 2014 from 1.44 in 2013. Nike is more effective in its tasks than the business normal; it utilizes less resources and inventories to produce more incomes not at all like different firms in the business. It additionally gathers its receivable more rapidly than the contenders (Kapil, 2011). Obligation proportions decide the drawn out dissolvability of the organization (Warren and Reeve, 2009).â The obligation to value proportion expanded from 0.48 in 2012 to 0.58 in

Book Riots Deals of the Day for October 3rd, 2018

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Things Fall Apart By Chinua Achebe - 1557 Words

Chinua Achebe, author of Things Fall Apart, once said: â€Å"A man who makes trouble for others is also making troubles for himself†. This concept can be seen in the development of Okonkwo as a character throughout the book. Creating plenty of trouble for others, but ultimately creating the most trouble for himself is possibly the plot for the entire book. Generally, the creation of trouble is not a value that is appreciated in any culture, especially in Umuofia. Okonkwo breaks many of the boundaries and social norms within his culture; his tendency to be immature and unaccountable combined with being very self-concerned and the defiance of elders creates an interesting mix adjacent to the cultural standards. Okonkwo rarely takes ownership for†¦show more content†¦After a village elder had found what crime Okonkwo committed, he told Okonkwo that, â€Å"you are not a stranger in Umuofia. You know as well as I that our forefathers ordained that before we plant any crops in the earth, we should observe a week of peace in which a man does not say a harsh word to his neighbor† (30). The elder proceeded to give Okonkwo instructions on how to attempt amends with the goddess. After a single action was taken, his proceeding efforts were nearly non-existent. Any attempt to fix the situation were minimal, as were efforts to learn from his mistakes. Furthermore, Okonkwo advances to partaking in the death of Ikemefuna. The relationship between the two is complicated, but is closest description is that of a boy and his step-father. Killing Ikemefuna is not an evil against the earth, as beating a wife during the week of peace was, but a crime against himself. He is unhappy with himself, and still does nothing to fix his ways, continuing on to single handedly killing a boy at a funeral. Although accidental, Okonkwo was still the man behind the gun. â€Å"It was a crime against the earth goddess to kill a clansman, and a man who committed it must flee from the land†¦.he could return to the clan after seven years† (124). Okonkwo had no choice but to leave for the seven years, perhaps upon his return

Men and Eating Disorders - 874 Words

Protruding rib cages, frail bones, and thin hair, these symptoms often come to mind for many physicians and therapists alike when they think of someone suffering from an eating disorder. What about overly health conscience, extreme muscle mass, and obsessively exercising? New disorders like Muscle Dysmorphia are being discovered in males that have not been brought to the forefront of news today. The male population is severely under calculated and usually passed over when people cover statistics and findings for eating disorders. This stigma and stance that people have while thinking only females suffer from eating disorders only makes it more difficult for males to admit they have a problem and seek treatment for it before it gets too†¦show more content†¦He covers the struggle of multiple men within his article starting with how they developed the disorder to how difficult it was for them to receive help for their problem. Like women, male eating disorder victims usually d o not want to seek help but unlike their female counterparts, males typically have a hard time finding recovery facilities with people like them that focuses on treating just males. Since males are not typical patients they are usually the only man receiving treatment and are secluded or feel out of place when in inpatient recovery. Anyone getting help for an eating disorder should be able to feel comfortable and males do not generally get that opportunity. Many other popular source authors today are concurring with Penn and Daly views and are attempting to call more awareness to the raising deadly situation. In her October 2013 piece, â€Å"Mens eating disorders get increased attention for the San Francisco Gate Kristen Brown keys in on the vitality of accepting and treating males with eating disorders. Like Penn and Daly she includes some â€Å"Ignoring the prevalence of disorders among men creates a stigma that may prevent them from seeking help and a bias that might prevent clinicians or family members from recognizing a disorder in men, resulting in more of those men slipping under the radar.† These ideas have not just been secluded to magazines butShow MoreRelatedMen and Eating Disorders1453 Words   |  6 Pagessomeone suffering from an eating disorder. What about overly health conscience, extreme muscle mass, and obsessively exercising? New disorders like Muscle Dysmorphia are being discovered in males that have not been brought to the forefront of news today. The male population is severely under calculated and usually passed over when people cover statistics and finding s for eating disorders. This stigma and stance that people have while thinking only females suffer from eating disorders only makes it moreRead MoreMen and Eating Disorders Essay1182 Words   |  5 PagesMen and Eating Disorders About seven million women across the country suffer from eating disorders including anorexia nervosa and bulimia and, as a result most research involving these disorders have only been conducted on females. However, as many as a million men may also suffer from these same disorders. Women are not the only people prone to disliking what they see when they look into the mirror. Now a days more men are worried about their body shape. Clinical reports tell us that oneRead MoreEating Disorders : A Common Phenomenon Among Men2622 Words   |  11 PagesEating disorders have been a common phenomenon among men, and it is no longer considered niche topic. According to Gerbasi et al. (2014), males who are suffering from this disorder have been faced with immense stigmatization in an attempt to overcome it, and they have been neglected in the treatment process. There are numerous stereotypes associated with eating disorders that have inhibited the evidence-based treatment among males and it ha s mitigated effectiveness in the management of problems thatRead MoreShould Supplements Be A Type Of Eating Disorder Among Men? Essay905 Words   |  4 Pagespresented evidence that consuming great amount of supplement is considered a type of eating disorder among men since overusing supplements can also lead to malnutrition and psychological problem. Researchers conducted a survey questioning 195 men between ages 18 and 35 about their diet, their training, and how they view themselves physically in order to observe if supplements have a relationship with eating disorders. The results of the type fitness supplements that the majority of the participantsRead MoreAnorexia Nervosa Is A Serious Eating Disorder That Affects Women And Men Of All Ages2104 Words   |  9 Pagesâ€Å"Anorexia nervosa is a serious eating disorder that affects women and men of all ages. It’s characterized by three key features: refusal to maintain a healthy body weight, an intense fear of gaining we ight, a distorted body image† (Smith Segal, 2016). Individuals with this disorder do not have healthy eating habits, most often not eating at all. They will starve themselves, excessively exercise, eat very little, purge at random times, and/or throw up their food following their â€Å"meal†. AnorexiaRead More Eating Disorders in Males Essay examples1362 Words   |  6 PagesEating Disorders in Males Eating disorders are largely considered to be a female disease. Statistics seem to validate this perception – of the estimated five million-plus adults in the United States who have an eating disorder, only ten percent are thought to be male ((1)). Many professionals, however, hold the opinion that these numbers are incorrect – it is impossible to base the statistics on anything other than the number of adults diagnosed with eating disorders, and men are much lessRead MoreEating Disorders, Body Image Gender Essay1721 Words   |  7 PagesRIGHTS (HE6) ASSIGNMENT EATING DISORDERS, BODY IMAGE GENDER Submitted to: Dr. Sivakami Muthusamy Centre for Health and Social Sciences School of Health Systems Studies, TISS, Mumbai. Submitted by: Pallavi Muraleedharan Enrollment Number: M2015HE018 Master of Health Administration (2015-17) Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Mumbai Date: 16/08/2016 INTRODUCTION Eating disorders, body image and gender remain as a very complex interlinked web. 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Socialization is a process in which we learn and internalize attitudes, values, beliefs, and norms of our culture and develop a sense of self. †¢ Gender Roles Gender Roles are complex clusters of ways males and females are expected to behave †¢ Gender roles Socialization Gender socialization is a process of learning social expectations and attitudes associated with one s sex. Gender socialization is explained with why human males and femalesRead MoreEating, Bipolar and Anxiety Disorders1145 Words   |  5 PagesIn 2010, eating disorders had a reported 7,000 deaths each year. Not only this, but 3%-5% of children under the age of 18 have an anxiety disorder. Also 15% of all bipolar disorder patients have committed suicide. Eating disorders, anxiety disorders, and bipolar disorders are all prevalent today throughout all ages. Even middle schoolers. Eating Disorders Eating disorders are abnormal eating habits that usually involve eating too little or too much food to the harmful point of both physical and

Dow Pbb Free Essays

Dow Chemical By Kai Draaisma Laurens de Blij Diedrik Oost Eva Sloff Lesley Flohil 13-11-2012 Duisenberg School of Finance Executive summary 1. Summary of Facts. With an annual revenue of $20. We will write a custom essay sample on Dow Pbb or any similar topic only for you Order Now 2 billion Dow held the leading market position worldwide in ethylene and polyethylene (exhibit 1b). To consolidate all of Bahia Blanca’s polyethylene activity under Dow’s control a three-stage plan was developed. The first stage involved taking control of PBB, the second stage involved acquiring Polisur’s two polyethylene plants, and the third stage involved building a new ethylene cracker. To determine a proper risk premium Dow had to consider possible country risks. Currency and government policy risk may have had an impact because of possible future crises and changing government policies relevant to foreign investments. Furthermore, because of the ending of the convertibility law Dow also had to consider a possible exchange-rate risk. Dow created a holding company, Dow Investment Argentina, to invest in the project, then they had to decide whether they will use general corporate funds or raise debt for the PBB bid. 2. Statement of problem . 1General analysis Rational for Acquisition of PBB Dow Chemical’s corporate strategy is to look for horizontal- and vertical integration, achieve technological leadership and gain international presence. Dow will benefit from a more integrated production process by lowering their cost of production. PBB will also create stable supplies of ethane for Dow allowing them to achieve operating rates near 100%. Cracking ethane in the region will result in lower operating risk for Dow meaning the supply/input risk for the production of Polyethylene. An increase in the production output of Dow will allow them to benefit from economies of scale. Overall Dow will gain technology leadership and operational excellence from adding PBB to their company and enhance them with a costleader position in the market required to compete with the government-subsidized chemical complexes. Risk measurement In this section we provide a brief risk analysis. Table 1 is designed to give a compact overview of the different risks, possible mitigating actions and whether the risks are integrated in the cash flow or discount rate. Not every risk was applicable in the acquisition of PBB. The risk that influenced our cash flows the most is the currency risk caused by a possible liquidity crisis in Argentina. Argentina has experienced eight major currency crises (tijd/reference)and there is a risk of a new currency crisis in the future. When this happens, Dow will not be able to sell its output to the home country and will have to increase its export. Revenue de We have also taken into account that the convertibility law that now provides stability could eventually stop. This will also have a significant impact on inflation. Operating risk is the second risk with a large impact on projected cash flows. This is mostly the risk of not meeting the full operating capacity. For the first 3 years we keep the operating rate of the plant at 65% and from 1995 we increase the operating rate by 5% each year. Other risks had less of an impact on our cash flows. Information risk was less of an issue because Dow was already present in Argentina and PBB was important to the government of Argentina. Corporate Governance risk in Argentina is not expected to have a significant additional impact on cash flows. This risk is already included in the discount rate for similar projects in the US. Table 1: Risk overview| Risk| Mitigating actions| Cash Flow (CF) or Discount rate (DR)| Corruption risk| 1. Have a large bank loan from a national bank. 2. Government stake of 49% here is a mitigating factor | DR| Expropriation risk| Same actions as for corruption risk| CF (tax wil increase 5%)| Operating risk (only post/ completion risks )| n/a| CF| Sovereign risk| Through the convertibility law, the peso has been anchored to the USD to prevent hyperinflation. | DR| Currency/ Foreign exchange risk| 1. Dow is a well diversified investor, therefore this should be mitigated. 2. Buy put options on the Arg peso. | CF| Corporate Governance risk| Give shares to management to align incentives. | DR| Repatriation risk| Current political climate is stable, not likely that Arg will impose limits on fund outflows. | DR| Information Risk| Dow Chemical already has presence in Argentina, therefore are more likely to receive high quality information. | n/a| Adjusted discount rate All risks that are not used for adjusting cash flows are integrated in the adjusted discount rate. These risks include but are not limited to corruption risk, information risk, hyperinflation, sovereign risk, repatriation risk and other residual risks. These risks are partly mitigated, however all the different risks combined constitute a premium which we will add on to the the given discount rate for similar projects in the US of 8%-10%. A reasonable assumption for the combined premium will be [ ]. The auumed premium results in a discount rate of [ ] which we will use in our further valuation. 4. Recommendation Bidding decision Competing bidders need to comply with certain covenants (exhibit 6). Competitors Perez Companc S. A. and Copesul do not comply with the requirements of having a statement of net worth of at least 5 billion. Even if the two companies would merge they do not meet the the requirements. This makes Dow the sole bidder for PBB. This has a profound impact on the internal valuation. Appendix 1 Risk Information risk. When you are doing a cross-border valuation you have to take into account that there may be information risk. This includes the risk of outside investors getting the wrong information because of poor disclosure in the financial statements. However since Dow entered Argentina in 1957 we assume they are familiar with the market and accounting rules, therefore information risk for this project is low as Dow chemical has already collected country experience in Argentina via Dow Quimica. Because this is difficult to quantify we have taken this into account in our discount rate. Corruptionrisk. The risk of corruption includes the illegal payments and favors outside the rule of law. Corruption exists to some extent in all countries, but there are large differences across countries. According to the Global Corruption Index by Transparancy international, the level of corruption for Argentina in 1995 was given a 5. 24 out of a possible score of 10. This gave them a ranking of 24 out of 42 countries surveyed. All of which were assumed to be developed countries. However, Dow somehow secured itself thanks to PBB’s importance and the Argentine government’s intention to keeps 49% which is an advantage and not a disadvantage. The Argentine government will also appreciate the jobs being created in the later project stages, if successful, and a good relationship with the government willlikely also be beneficial when discussing with YPF about long-term ethane supply. Mitigation: Part of this risk can be mitigated by taking a loan in Argentina to finance the project as the government will not want Dow to default on their debt resulting in an overall bad outcome for Argentina’s economic situation. Furthermore part of this risk is mitigated as the government has a stake in the company so it is also in their interest to keep the company strong. Currency risk: As Argentina has experienced 8 major currency crises in the past there is the risk of a new currency crisis occuring in the future. Even though the convertibility law took away some of the risk, Dow will still have to bear in mind that when a crises happen, they will not be able to sell their output to the home country and will have to increase its export. This risk is taken into account in the cashflows. Expropriation risk. Political instability or expropriation is small as they company has had a stable democratic government past 12 years. However, changes in the policy of the government will cause a risk for Dow and their foreign investments. At that moment there were no restrictions on borrowing abroad and there were no limits imposed on payments of foreign loan principal and interest. If something changes in this regulations it may have an effect on the acquisition of Dow. For this reason we will also include this risk in our discount rate. Furthermore the government has no limits on cash flows going out of their country but can eventually decide to do so. We consider the risk of the government taking over the company to be low as the production of polyethylene and deriving ethylene from hydrocarbon crackers is complex. This is a process for skilled people and not just anyone can therefore run the company properly. The risk of expropriation is therefore low. As the production of ethylene and derivatives such as polythylene is a highly complicated process, requiring large captial investment and a high operating leverage, not many companies will be able and willing to take over the business. Furthermore as Polythylene is a commodity product that trades globally with a narrow price range. Mitigation:Dow can decrease the risk exposure by taking on a loan in Argentina to finance their project. This will decrease the risk exposure as Dow can only default on their debt when the government decides to raise taxes, which will not lead to a company default. Foreign Exchange Rate Risk. Foreign Exhange rate risk will be low because of Dow Chemical’s international presence and the assumption that shareholders are sufficiently diversified. The convertibility law which ensured a fixed Argentine peso and U. S. dollar at exactly one already decrease the foreign exchange rate risk. However we need to take into account the risk that the convertibility law might come to an end. Mitigation: The risk can be decreased by setting up binding financial contracts with the governmetn to make sure the deal will happen. Furthermore Dow could decide to place a put option on the peso to protect themselves when the peso collapses. Operating risk Pre-completion: as the project is already completed there is no risk concerning the technology risks or other completion risk. Post-completion: we have included the post-completion risk in our cashflows as we run the risk of not meeting the full operating capacity. For the first 3 years we keep the operating rate of the plant at 65% and from 1995 we increase the operating rate by 5% each year. As the company provides their own input this risk does not need to be taken into account. Operating risk would likely matter but we handled that risk by adjsuting down our casfhlows in stage 1 so we do not take it into account for adjusting our cost of capital Sovereign risk Politcal events suchs as wars, labor strikes, terrorism and changes in laws can happen in any country you work with and therefore needs to be taken into account. Since it is hard to quantify this risk we have handled it through the discount rate. Appendix 2 | | Source: Erb, Harvey Viskanta, ‘Poltical risk,Economic risk and Financial risk’, Fuqua School of Business Working Paper No. 9606, 1996. | ——————————————– [ 1 ]. For broader explanation of the different risks see Appendix 1 [ 2 ]. According to the Global Corruption Index by Transparancy international the level of corruption for Argentina in 1995 was given a 5. 24 out of a possible score of 10. This gave them a ranking of 24 out of 42 countries surveyed. All of which were developed countries more or less. Source: http://archive. transparency. org/policy_research/surveys_indices/cpi/previous_cpi [ 3 ]. See Appendix 1 for an explanation of the mitigating factors of the before mentioned risks [ 4 ]. This conclusion was reached byTaking the ‘total assets’ as net worth on the financial statements of Perez on Copesul (exhibit 8a 8b). How to cite Dow Pbb, Essay examples

Sexually Transmitted Infection of Justin †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Sexually Transmitted Infection of Justin. Answer: Introduction The paper deals with the case study of Justin. On placement in a students health clinic at a local university, a 24 year old male student, named Justin is presented. He notices some worrying symptoms including blisters on his penis. The patient has not experienced these symptoms in the past. Upon investigation, the client revealed that the he had sex including oral sex three times in last 24 hours. The patient reported that he had not used condoms as his partner informed him that the STD screen was clean for everything. In response to the case study, the assignment discusses the sexually transmitted infection (STI) that Justin is highly likely to suffer. In the context of the STI chosen the assignment will address the pathophysiology of this STI, the assessment and management of this STI, ethico-legal issues that may arise with the diagnosis of an STI. Further, the assignment will discuss the role of the sexual health team members involved in the management of Justin. Lastly, the ed ucation needs for Justin to prevent further STIs are outlined. STI Justin has been practicing unsafe sex and is experimenting with his sexuality. Because of his unsafe sex practices, he is at risk of developing Genital herpes. It is one of the most common STIs. Pathophysiology of this STI Genital herpes is caused by the Herpes simplex virus (HSV) and in most cases HSV type 2 is responsible for the disease. HSV-1 is often the cause of fever blisters or cold sores (Garland Steben, 2014). However, the patient denies the history of cold sores on his mouth or sore around his genitals before. His case history highlights that he rarely practices the safe sex, thus the blisters on penis in such situations is mainly caused by the genital herpes. Genital herpes is easily transmitted through sexual contact and may happen even if the concerned person is containing virus without exhibiting the related signs or symptoms (Schiffer Corey,2014). As the virus enters the skin it travels along the nerve path, where it can become dormant and persist there indefinitely. Both HSV 1 and HSV 2 infections occur by contacting the infectitious secretions on oral, anal and genital mucosal surfaces. Contacting other anatomical site such as eyes, non-mucosal surfaces, such as lesions on the butto cks and trunk can also cause genital herpes. In this type of viral infection, the symptoms may appear months after the initial exposure. The mucous membrane lines the opening of the body, which is the door to the viruses. The primary infection is characterised with the small blisters on genital areas that may burst to leave open sores. Genital herpes mainly affect genitals, mouth, and anal region (Johnston Corey, 2016). Assessment and management of this STI Diagnosis of genital herpes includes several tests. PCR blood tests are used to look for pieces of viral DNA. This is most common test and is accurate. The health care providers may collect sample from sores for cell culture and can be observed under microscope for HSV (Liu et al., 2015). Both the tests have a chance of giving false results, if the patient has started to recover recently. Antibodies against HSV do not show up until several weeks and it is difficult to identify the time of exposure or noticeable exposure. With the help of the direct fluorescent antibody testing, it is easy to detect the glowing antibodies that stick to the viral antigens in the sample. This testing is useful to differentiate between the HSV 1 and HSV 2. Overall, the clinical diagnosis has low sensitivity and specificity (LeGoff et al. 2014). Nurses can asses for impaired skin integrity that is related to skin inflammation, vesicles and crusting. Further assessments include hyperthermia indicating increased hypothalamic set point, fatigue due to decrease in energy source and risk of imbalanced nutrition pertaining to appetite down and lastly acute pain that may be caused by the infection in pain neurons. Based on the assessment HSV is diagnosed (Posavad e al., 2017). According to Fife et al. (2015), daily suppressive treatment with valaciclovir can reduce HSV-2transmission. This drug was investigated among HSV-2 discordant heterosexual couples. The infection was reduced by 75%, for clinical disease and reduces the acquisition (measured by serology) by 48%. Development of vaccine effective against this disease is not been found. Antiviral treatment is helpful and commonly prescribed medication include- Zovirax, Famvir, Valtrex, which are known to prevent outbreak. Antiviral medicine should be taken daily and it makes the living easier. These medicines can be taken as pill. According to the guidelines of WHO for adolescents with a first clinical episode of genital HSV infection, a standard dose of aciclovir over valaciclovir or famciclovir is recommended (Sands-Lincoln Goldmann, 2016). The dosages are as follows- aciclovir 400 mg orally thrice daily for 10 days aciclovir 200 mg orally five times daily for 10 days valaciclovir 500 mg orally twice daily for 10 days famciclovir 250 mg orally thrice daily for 10 days Intermittent therapy can consist of antiviral therapy for five or ten days. Suppressive treatment for recurrent infections includes taking the antiviral drugs everyday and is given for six outbreaks a year (Bibbins-Domingo et al., 2016). Therefore, the dosage may be like- aciclovir 400mg orally thrice daily for 5 days 800mg twice daily for 5 days, 800mg thrice daily for 2 days Legal and/or ethical issues that may arise with a diagnosis of an STI Diagnosing and management of HSV involves use of several medical equipments and processes. The circumstances under which it is conducted may raise ethical or legal concerns. The ethical issues that may arise in this case are the patient safety, informed consent, and confidentiality. The care providers must strictly follow the four principles of ethics such as beneficence, maleficence, social justice and respect for autonomy (Scott, 2014). Administering the patients with medicines that are not examined may lead to adverse outcomes and may be as fatal as death. Breaking the protocol of patient safety may cause ethical issues particularly in Expedited Partner Therapy. This act may cause legal consequences on the ground of professional negligence. It may lead to legal lawsuit against the hospital, claiming for compensation for heath loss. If the patient fails to provide informed consent regarding the choice of the treatment then the care provider fails to make clinical decision. Initiating treatment without taking informed consent may have adverse complications. It is considered the breach of patents autonomy, respect and dignity. Patients should be informed about availability of testing of HSV, treatment and lack of sensitivity and specificity of antiviral drugs. In Australia, federal government sets regulations on use of blood tests and genetic tests using human subjects (Todres, 2017). In case one the partners visits the clinic together and the infection of one of them is revealed, the relationship may be compromised. If the partner hides the information, it may lead to ethical and legal issues. Lawsuits are obvious when the potential partner allegedly gives them the herpes. Leaking the patients health information to third party may involve legal consequences as it may involve defamation and social stigmatisation. In case one partner does not want the information to be shared by the other partner, and if the request is denied it may lead to compromising of confidentiality and the patient may resort to legal help. Partners can also file lawsuits that their opposite consorts have given them herpes (Caulfield Willis, 2016)). Role of the sexual health team members involved in the management of Justin Nursing management include keeping the affected area clean and dry to keep away other infections. Sexual contact must be avoided until the sores are gone. Home care for management for Justin includes bathing in warm water, keep the area clean and wear comfortable clothing (Whitehead, 2017). Counselling the infected patients is best way to manage the disease. Justin must be counselled along with his potential partner to cope up with the infection. It will help prevent the sexual and perinatal transmission. Counselling is based on the natural sources of disease and asymptomatic shedding, first episode and recent infection, information pertaining to antiretroviral therapy and its impacts, successive therapy with recurrent infections. The patient should be educated about the side effects of the medicines. The rationale for counselling is to break the cycle of recurrent infections. It can be possible only if the patient has knowledge of the infection, and daily antiviral therapy (Davis et al., 2016). Management of the genital herpes not only involves dealing with the physical symptoms but also the psychological concerns. Patients often feel anxiety due to uncertainty related to disease and its curability. Anxiety related to denial and refusal from potential partners is the main cause of concern. Therefore, the sexual health team members should address the psychological concerns in this manner. Intervention for mental distress, anxiety and depression due to STI may include patient centered care and therapies such as Acceptance and commitment therapy or psychodynamic therapy. Justin can be engaged in relaxing or recreational activities such as exercise, sports or anything that can calm his mind (Jayasuriya et al., 2015). Education needs for Justin to prevent further STI's The patient must be educated about safe sex and severe disorders associated with the genital herpes. The rationale for the education is to prevent the recurrent infections. The consequences are worst when the infection is spread to mouth, eye and central nervous system. Justin must be aware of the fact that the risk of HIV infection is doubled in the people diagnosed with genital herpes (HSV 2). The use of condoms can prevent the herpes virus infection. Justin must be informed to use condoms when meeting new partners. The patient should be instructed to avoid sex during the lesions or prodromal symptoms. Most people are unaware of the HSV infection and those with history of STDs are highly likely to have genital herpes. It is because genital herpes are hard to spot. Therefore, Justin must learn to communicate with his partner about history of STDs and sexual history. Limiting the sexual partners is advisable for Justin, as it will reduce the risk of exposure to HSV and other STIs. As the patient has multiple sex partners, he should ensure that she is tested for genital herpes (Davis et al., 2016). Justin should be aware of consequences of sexual contact with partner who has genital sores. Oral sex is risky as the oral herpes may pass to the genitals through the process. Oral herpes causes sores are known to cause cold sores of fever blisters. Since, Justin frequently engages in orals sex he may be at high risk of future infection and he should be advised to receive oral sex from partners with cold sores. The patient may never have an outbreak but may be highly contagious to the sexual partner. Therefore, Justin should be advised to educate the same to his partners (Davis et al., 2016). According to McGregor et al. (2014) illicit drugs impairs judgment and lower inhibitions. During intoxication, people are less careful to practice safe sex, which may lead to adverse outcomes. Since, Justin is the regular, binge drinker he must be educated about adverse consequences of sex while intoxication. Conclusion Genital herpes is the significant public health issue as it can cause substantial morbidity if it is left untreated and undiagnosed. It is one of the most common STIs and is highly likely to occur in the people with unsafe sex practices. All the patients with ulcers in the genital area are suspected to have HSV. Overall, the clinical diagnosis has low sensitivity and specificity. Nursing assessment includes physical examination for the related symptoms. Although there is no exact cure for the illness, it can be effectively managed. The health care team must help the patient to cope up with the illness by education, counselling, medication and home care. In addition to the physical problems, the health care team must also deal with the psychological issues of the patient. Education and counselling will prevent of recurrent infections as well as risk of HIV. References Bibbins-Domingo, K., Grossman, D. C., Curry, S. J., Davidson, K. W., Epling, J. W., Garca, F. A., ... Mangione, C. M. (2016). Serologic screening for genital herpes infection: US preventive services task force recommendation statement.Jama,316(23), 2525-2530. Caulfield, P., Willis, D. (2016). Herpes simplex virus:to disclose or not to disclose.An exploration of the multi-disciplinary teams role in advising patients about disclosure when diagnosed with genital herpes simplex virus.International journal of STD AIDS, 0956462416665730. Davis, A., Roth, A., Brand, J. E., Zimet, G. D., Van Der Pol, B. (2016). Coping strategies and behavioural changes following a genital herpes diagnosis among an urban sample of underserved Midwestern women.International journal of STD AIDS,27(3), 207-212. Fife, K. H., Mugwanya, K., Thomas, K. K., Baeten, J. M., Celum, C., Bukusi, E., ... Lingappa, J. R. (2015). Transient Increase in Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 (HSV-2)Associated Genital Ulcers Following Initiation of Antiretroviral Therapy in HIV/HSV-2Coinfected Individuals.The Journal of infectious diseases,213(10), 1573-1578. Garland, S. M., Steben, M. (2014). Genital herpes.Best Practice Research Clinical Obstetrics Gynaecology,28(7), 1098-1110. Jayasuriya, N. D. V., Sivayogan, S., Buddhakorale, K. (2015). Psychological impact due to genital herpes among Central STD Clinic attendees in Sri Lanka.Sri Lanka Journal of Venereology,5(1). Johnston, C., Corey, L. (2016). Current concepts for genital herpes simplex virus infection: diagnostics and pathogenesis of genital tract shedding.Clinical microbiology reviews,29(1), 149-161. LeGoff, J., Pr, H., Blec, L. (2014). Diagnosis of genital herpes simplex virus infection in the clinical laboratory.Virology journal,11(1), 83. Liu, J., Yi, Y., Chen, W., Si, S., Yin, M., Jin, H., ... Zhang, J. (2015). Development and evaluation of the quantitative real-time PCR assay in detection and typing of herpes simplex virus in swab specimens from patients with genital herpes.International journal of clinical and experimental medicine,8(10), 18758. McGregor, J. A., French, J. I., Jones, J., Perhach, M. (2014, June).crowdsourced analysis of gbs perinatal disease as a sexually transmissible infection (sti) underscores need for gbs vaccine and patient education regarding gbs as an sti to be able to make well-informed sexual practice choices. insexually transmitted diseases(vol. 41, pp. s147-s147). two commerce sq, 2001 market st, philadelphia, pa 19103 usa: lippincott williams wilkins. Posavad, C. M., Zhao, L., Dong, L., Jin, L., Stevens, C. E., Magaret, A. S., ... Koelle, D. M. (2017). Enrichment of herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) reactive mucosal T cells in the human female genital tract.Mucosal immunology. Sands-Lincoln, M., Goldmann, D. R. (2016). Antiviral Drugs to Prevent Clinical Recurrence in Patients with Genital Herpes.The American Journal of Medicine,129(12), 1264-1266. Schiffer, J. T., Corey, L. (2014). Herpes simplex virus. InMandell, Douglas, and Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. Elsevier Inc.. Scott, P. A. (2014). Unsupervised self-testing as part public health screening for HIV in resource-poor environments: some ethical considerations.AIDS and Behavior,18(4), 438-444. Todres, J. (2017). Physician encounters with human trafficking: legal consequences and ethical considerations. Whitehead, L. (2017). First-episode genital herpes: interventions for men and women.Nursing Standard,31(22), 40-41.

How Music Impact Society Essay Example

How Music Impact Society Paper Music is perhaps one of the most powerful forces we encounter. Music can provide an emotional outlet, a place to voice opinions, a hobby, past time, entertainment, fun, a place to turn to, a controversial outlet, spiritual bonding, fame, fortune, hope, guidance, healing powers, and gives us the words we cannot say on our own. Music has Just so many capabilities that have been used for millions of years. Everything from the way messages were conveyed among slaves, to the tribal preaching the Native Americans used to Patrice revolved around music. Music is the most nfluential industry in the world, and it has the power to send messages to millions and allow an outlet for protest, generate billions of dollars, capture the attention of people all over the globe, and it even holds the power to have positive effects on our mental health. Jaime Ferris, writer for the Housatonic Times quoted The truest expression of a people is in its dance and music. For centuries the music industry has pushed the limits on the right to freedom of speech. Back to the days when America had slavery, the slaves would make hymns while working in the fields. We will write a custom essay sample on How Music Impact Society specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on How Music Impact Society specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on How Music Impact Society specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Often times these hymns had underlying connotative rebellion. In the time of slavery it was unheard of to even neither question your owner let alone question your captivity nor try to escape. If a slave were to question the authority they would suffer sever beatings. Because of the consequences the slaves found other means of communication, through song. If we look at a well known piece entitled Follow The Drinking Gord we can quickly pick up on Just how song was used to pass messages, that would other wise be punishable. According to osblackhistory. om in the first verse the slaves are instructed to leave in the winter when the sun is at its highest altitude When the sun comes back. The drinking gourd refers to the Big Dipper in its spoon like shape, and the great big river refers to the Ohio River. In Just one verse the message of when to leave where to go and what to follow is laid out. l Because this message was conveyed through song, the slaves were able to sing it freely to sp read the word. Today more than ever the use of song to convey messages that might other wise be banned is in effect. The vast number of artist who sings about marijuana is astounding. As listed on kindgergreenbuds. com a person possessing this illegal substance can either be subject to a class a misdemeanor or s a class C felony. In Michigan if a person is caught even though simple drug test as having used the substance its still considered possession and punishable by a 100 dollar fine and 90 days in Jail. If this substance is so easily punishable then why is it okay to have numerous songs praising the act? As far back as 1932 when Baron Lee and the Blue Rhythm Band had a song titled The Reefer Man and while the substance behind this song may not have been illegal then, it is today and still hundreds of songs are written about it. For example a song entitled Kush by multi latinum artist Lil Wayne the lyrics And I smoke that Kush Yeah, that Kush Yeah, and I ball like swoosh. This song is such a prime example of evidence that one was using the substance, but because its written in song its considered freedom of speech, and unsuitable for the general audience of our society. Much the way the slaves used music as an outlet to rebel against something they could be punished for, artists today are contlnulng to 00 tne same. Anotner example 0T Treeaom 0T speecn Delng carried out through music is from the 60s anti- war era. Legend Bob Dylan was notorious for his anti-war protest songs. In the song Man on the Street, Dylan explains the human suffering that is caused by human cruelty. Dylans message was perhaps the government of the United States is and was so tied up with other improvements, conflicts, and business actions in other countries, that they forget that they must run this country. Dylans point is very accurate and holds strong today. For example, the US government reacted nearly 13 times quicker to earthquake in Haiti, than they did to hurricane Katrina. Dylan made it clear that the political problems in the United States although heavily produced by the government were not out of the each of the general public. He preached via song that the problems are actually right by our side and we could help to solve the problems. Perhaps a more modern example of the same genera would be the popular top 40 song entitled Waiting on the World to Change by Grammy winner John Mayer. This song hit airwaves in 2006, and became very popular, very fast. In combination with the songs catchy rhythm, was its controversial, yet inspiring lyrics. Mayer is conveying the message of the problems the country is and was facing and how were all simply waiting on things to change yet no one is doing their part to make it happen. Mayer did an interview with the Daily Mail December 21, 2007, where he stated that his main intention was to cause a debate. Thats exactly what this song has done. For example the lyrics say Now if we had the power to bring our neighbors home from war/ they would have never missed a Christmas/ no more ribbons on their door/ and when you trust your television / what you get is what you got/ cause when they own the information, Oh they can bend it all they want This statement is a direct target against the government, and the war this country has been in. Hes taking the side of everyone hat was against the war and saying if they had the power they could bring them back, but instead they sit back and watch as information about whats really going on unfolds. And then he goes to say that when youre merely trusting your televisions newscasts you can hardly even trust whats being said because its their information and they can twist, crop, and edit a story to be anything they want it to be. This stab at the government and media system is his view. Through this song he has managed to get his view to millions of people, and whether they agree or disagree they still have thought about his debate-sparking message. Mayer has achieved success in reaching millions, and getting his message across using freedom of speech through music. The bottom line is that a political message in a song is not any different than free speech guaranteed under the US Constitution. Its in fact a more conventional way to get point across. As long as there is a cause or an event that provokes emotions, there will be songs and speeches on both ends of any issue. Music has not only caused commotion by being an outlet for freedom of speech, but essentially the entire music industry is the single most successful, and talked about industry world wide. Any time theres an award show, or special Just for TV concert, no matter whom the star, or what the genre of music is, the stations that broadcast the event reach record high numbers of viewers. The average late night show such as the Tonight Show with Conan OBrian for example get an average of 5. 4 million viewers a night, but on the night of the 2009 teen choice awards, there was an estimated 44. 5 billion vlewers. Pernaps tne splKe In vlewers Is wnat alas In tne astounalng amount 0T press the music industry gathers. During the 2009 Teen Choice awards, Miley Cyrus performed her infamous hit Party In The I-ISA. This performance made controversy all across the globe, it was speculated that her dance moves, were distasteful and actually pole dancing moves. The video of this performance gathered more than 1,701 , 135 views in the first three nights that it was available. This infamous event, also generated hundreds of stories, online forums and made its self a trending topic on the social networking site twitter for nearly a month. The music industry not only generates mass media attention, its one of the most successful industries monetarily as well. The US and its citizens have been struggling with money since the Iraq war, nd officially declared recession in 2007. Despite the recession, in 2008 the United States spent over 40. 3 billion dollars in CD sales alone. In 2010 the US spent nearly 1 1 billion dollars on live concert tickets. Americans that are in poverty are still finding a way to attend a concert put on by their favorite artist, buy their music to support them, and wear their merchandise. The music industry is becoming so popular that its starting to not only aid in but nearly take over the film world as well. In 2008, Disney star, Hannah Montana came out with the first 3D concert movie. This was considered revolutionary and drew great attention. This film drew an array of viewers and it made an estimated gross total of 65,281,781 dollars. This 3D movie was played in all major movie theaters, and displayed live concert footage making the viewer feel as if they were there, and even gave them a behind the scenes look. Since the release of this such as The Jonas Brothers, Michael Jackson, Celine Dion, and Kenny Chesney have all made their own 3D hits. Music has immense power, but its not limited to protest, controversy, media, and money it holds so much more potential. In fact, music has not only invaded the film world, its also finding its way into our medical field. While the idea has been around for thousands of years, recently the topic of music therapy is becoming more and more common when patient treatment is discussed. Used to help treat cancer, mentally ill, and cardio patients, music has been proven to be one of medicines finest tools. For thousands of years music as been used as a therapeutic technique. Greek philosophers who believed that music could heal the soul started the concept of Musical therapy. After world war two the concept of music therapy was used to treat the veterans who have undergone sever post war trauma. This practice was carried out in a more conventional way however. The administrators in the hospitals would play soothing sounds when patients would feel urges of rage. In 1944, Michigan State University established the first music therapy degree program in the world. Today approximately seventy colleges and universities offer degrees and courses approved by the American Music Therapy Association. Barbara Crowe the past president of the National Association for Music Therapy said (Music therapy) can make the difference between withdrawal and awareness, between isolation and interaction, between chronic pain and comfort between demoralization and dignity. Musical Therapy has been proven to stimulate he brain, release good chemicals in our blood and brains and aid in the bodys physical and mental healing. According to centerformusicaltherapy. com Musical Therapy has been shown to help patients with closed head injuries speed their recovery process by 37%. Musical therapy has been used with patients who undergo cnemotnerapy to onset tne mina ana Its Deen proven tnat It eases anxlety ana nausea. Musical therapy has also been used on heart patients. According to Association for Musical Therapy, studies have shown a reduction in heart rate, blood pressure, breathing rate, insomnia, depression, and anxiety for those patients. While musical therapy has been shown successful in treatment of ill, its also been proven that students who play an instrument or take a music class have IQ levels up to 30% higher than the students who have no musical background. With the power to send messages to millions and allow an outlet for protest, generate billions of dollars, capture the attention of people all over the globe, and provide medical healing, its no question that music is one of the most unstoppable forces in the world. Musics played a strong role in spreading messages for centuries, starting with the slaves and ontinuing today. Music has also broken barriers, by nearly revolutionizing the film industry and creating one of kind movies. Music has made such a bridge that its now an essential medical tool. Starting with the ancient Greeks and following through today musical therapy has been shown to help in various medical cases. Music is simply a strong force that is crucial to the way we all live. Seeing Just how music has evolved and captured not only our country but also the world, in so many different revenues, its only imaginable what advancements music can hold for us in the future.

buy custom History of X-Ray essay

buy custom History of X-Ray essay Radio waves including all light belong to an electromagnetic spectrum although they are considered to be of different kinds of electromagnetic waves depending on their varying wave lengths. There are those that have longer wave lengths like micro waves whereas there are those that have shorter wave lengths like gamma rays (Herman, 2009). An X-radiation is composition of x-rays. X- Rays are a form of electromagnetic waves. These waves are characterized by a wavelength of between 0.01 - 10 nanometers. Their frequency and energies rage from 30 pet hertz to 30 exahertz and 120 eV to 120 KeV respectively. Their wave lengths are shorter compared to UV rays but are relatively longer than those of gamma rays. History of the x-rays English scientists were investigating light and dark in the early 1850's. They looked on how they appeared in sealed lead material glass tubes. They studied the rays emitted at the cathode and discovered that the rays cast shadows which were deflected by magnetic fields. The unique nature of these rays is that they were immune to the effects of static electricity force. There was a strong reason in believe that cathode rays were particles and could not pass through substances transparent to ultra violet light. However a German scientist Heinrich hertz found out that cathode rays could pass through metal foil. His fellow German scientist Philip Lenard gained interest to know more about the rays. He decided to study them more carefully. He then designed a kind of a tube that had a thin aluminum window through which the cathode rays could appear from. He took measurements on how far the rays could travel and still induce fluorescence. However Roentgen's research pursuits were not in th e same line of work compared to Heinrich and the likes of Lenard. Roentgen's father was a cloth manufacturer and a merchant from the Rhine province (Wayne, 1946). Roentgen interests to study the cathode came in the year 1895. His study of cathode rays led him to the course of reaping the experiments of Hertz and Lenard. In 1899 roentgen was offered a position in the city of Munich there stood a chance for him to develop physics there. Discovery of x-rays It is believed that the discovery of the x rays in the year 1895 was the start of a revolutionary turn over to the human understanding of the physical world. Rector Wilhelm Conrad is believed to be the father of x- rays. This means that he was the first person to discover x-rays. This came by in the corresponding year to his appointment to the leadership role in Wurzburg University in his fiftieth birthday during the winter season (Wayne, 1946). Wilhelm Conrad Rontgen was born in the year 1845 and died in the year 1923. He was a professor of physics and in October 1895 became the director of physics institute in the university Wurzburg. This was the time he was turning fifty years of age and wa much interested in the work of Lenard, hertz, Hillorf and Crookes. Rontgen had obtained a Lenard tube from Muller in June that same year and performed various experiments that Lenard had created earlier on. He previously had observed the same effects that Lenard had made while producing cathode rays freely in the air. He became so captivated by this and went on with his studies and put all his concentration in one activity of producing the x-rays (Wayne, 1946). In November 8, 1895 on a Friday in the evening, he decided to work alone in the laboratory. This is because in the first place it was the start of a weekend and his assistants had taken a weekend break. As usual , using the Crookes tube he had set up his experiment where he fitted it with both an anode and a cathode apart from one another in the tube by only a few centimeters. In his experiment, he produced a different result by registering a few thousand potential volts bearing in mind that from the cathode, a stream of charged particles would originate and the definitely attracted to the anode. Rontgen laboratory that he worked in during that evening was not different from other laboratories of his predecessors. It was the same but the only thing that was different was the conditions that were present during that evening that he carried out his experiment. The conditions were different in a three ways, first his laboratory had no light hence it was very dark. Secondly the tube he was using in his experiment that evening was covered cardboard jacket that was light proof and lastly a few feet away from his apparatus lay a screen of fluorescent materials on the table. He suddenly noticed a shimmering light on the table while passing the discharge and could not believe what he saw with his naked eyes. He once again repeated the experiment releasing the discharge as many times a possible and he was surprised to achieve the same results each time. He came to the realization that the screen gave out a green fluorescence. Due to his excitement, he repeated the experiment many times moving the screen further away but the end result was the same. Rontgen had knowledge that the florescence was not produced by the cathode rays since it was known that cathode rays could not go through the wall of the tube. Visible light on the other hand was excep tional because the tube was covered with a shield which could no allow light to pass through since it was opaque to light. This reasoning made him conclude that he must have been producing some radiation that was new to the knowledge of this world. Rontgen's discovery made him spend eight weeks in his laboratory repeating his experiments to try to know more about this radiation that he had discovered. He even slept and took his meals from the laboratory. He tried to study these rays and know whether they could pass through other substances other than the air. He placed different objects between the tube and the screen but of course with different intensities that was dependent to the type of material in use. However sometthing shocked him. When he placed a lead material he was holding in his hand on the cathode ray path, he found out that a shadow circular formed on the screen. The shadow formed along with the outline of his fingers and thump. He then made his wife Berth to place her hand for fifteen minutes on a photographic plate while he showed it with the rays. Rontgen then quickly turned on making a note to present his first report about a new kind of rays so that it could be published in the proceedings of the medical society of the university of Wurburg in the year 1895 December 28. He never knew that the rays he had discovered will be given the name x- rays (Wayne, 1946). How the world got used to x-rays The x-rays grew roots as they got absorbed in the new world filled with professional character. X-rays found their way especially into the field of health. They now started to be custom used in some hospitals although many found the idea ambiguous and were doubtful. Many of the hospitals were suspicious and found it hard to absorb the new practice of using x-rays in medical extermination of patients. Some hospitals had x-rays rooms but never wanted them to be noticed and so never brought the idea to the light. The rooms were far out of many hospitals linage of work. Many hospitals went forcing the new doctors joining the hospitals to run operations in the x-ray rooms. From time to time, the x-ray existence was tested in courts finding out whether they were real and valid. The x-ray issue became a topic of discussion in the society. The number of x-ray cases increased prompting a major boost to x-ray acceptance in the community. It immerged that the newly found x-rays could cure canc er. It was also found out that the x-rays could also cure skin disorders hence became a tool to depilatory beauty . Negative effects caused by x-rays. In the cause of the x-rays finding their way into the society generated several countable negative side effects. Many problems started emerging that included cancer, burnings, swellings, infections and many other sorts' bodily harms. This forced the concerned parties to start reinvestigating on the mechanics used to generate x-rays most importantly the whole x-ray process. Concerning Marie curies discovery of radium, scientist came up with a new realization that during producing x-rays, radiation was also produced . Conclusion X-ray has come way distance since its discovery by Rector Wilhelm Conrad in a small dark laboratory in Germany. Its future could not be predicted since at first the mechanics behind their creation were not familiar to many not until the rest of the scientist later matured the phenomenon. Their discovery was excellent to the medical industry today because they are used in specialized fields within the industry. Buy custom History of X-Ray essay

Physical Science Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Physical Science - Essay Example Finally, the photo thermal effect is where the photons absorbed transform to heat energy (phonons) through vibration of molecules. Energy can also transform when nuclear reactions occur. Through fission or fusion, subatomic particles are rearranged hence creating a transformation of energy. The final factor that facilitates transmission of energy from one form to another is the action of forces. These forces include gravitational force, frictional force and electromagnetic force fields (Rathore, 2011). A common transformation is that of kinetic energy to heat energy. The atoms of a substance are in constant, random motion. As the atoms slide against each other molecules come into contact and, therefore, interact via electromagnetic fields causing vibration. The random vibration of molecules and atoms in a substance result in the increase of pressure within the substance. These vibrations may also increase with an increase in external or internal temperature of the substance. An incre ase in the vibration of the substance’s molecules and the subsequent increase in pressure transform potential energy into kinetic energy thereby leading to an increase in the kinetic energy. High kinetic energy is an indication of high temperature, therefore, heat energy (Rathore, 2011). Energy is necessary for running peoples everyday lives. A common source of energy in the world today is fossil fuel. Fossil fuels are hydrocarbon compounds formed through the biochemical decomposition of organic compounds over millions of years. Examples of fossil fuels include oil, coal and natural gases such as butane. These fuels are attractive sources of energy because of various reasons. The first reason is that these sources of energy can be utilized differently to produce energy. One can burn them directly or derive other compounds such as petroleum, used to run vehicle engines, in the case of oil. Above the efficiency, other products such as plastic are derivatives of fuels such as oi l. A single location with fossil fuel can produce large amounts of energy beating the prospecting and mining costs by ten folds. Through pipelines, it is particularly convenient and cost effective to transport oil and natural gas from one station to the other. Finally, gas run power plants are extremely efficient, and they can be located anywhere there are abundant gas sources (Pimentel, 2008). Fossil fuels are non renewable and a potent source of pollution through carbon emissions. With the pressing need to curb global warming and its adverse effects, new environmental friendly energy sources need to replace fossil fuels. Wind energy is a clean, renewable source of energy. Tapping wind energy requires the construction of turbines. Wind posses kinetic energy that turns these turbines, through this process, kinetic energy turns into mechanical energy. This energy runs the generator connected to the turbines hence producing electric energy. Locating a wind power station is more taskin g than locating a fossil fuel station. However, the energy produced by wind is clean compared to fossil fuel energy. Also, the cost of constructing a wind farm can be offset through the subsequent efficient production of energy (Pimentel, 2008). Another source of energy scientists seem to approve in place of fossil fuel energy is solar energy. This form of energy requires the utilization of the photo thermal effect. Solar cells absorb the photons within the sun rays. The photons transform the solar cell electrons into conduction

Why do women only make up 6.5% of consultant surgeons in the UK Essay

Why do women only make up 6.5% of consultant surgeons in the UK - Essay Example The idea of such a work is to find out the reasons for this, so some solutions may be suggested in order to change the present scenario. Feminine has always been regarded to have less status and power and has always been subordinate.. Perhaps due to this reason, although these sex differences in earnings, occupations, and work in the United Kingdom have decreased over the past few decades, sharp differences still persist. Like in any other profession, the women now constitute a large force in terms of number and quality in the medical profession. However, there is a certain pattern of their choices of discipline, especially when the numbers of female professionals in different specialities are considered. The greatest convergence between women and men has occurred in labor force participation (Buyske, 2005). Yet despite this increased participation-and this may help to explain the slower progress with respect to wages and occupational segregation-women, on average, devote far more time than men to housework. One medical profession is surgery, or more specifically general surgery, where particularly male predominance has been observed. As of now, as statistic indicate only 6.5% of the consultant surgeons in the United Kingdom are women. ... In this work, the answers to these questions will be attempted to be found out through evidence from literature. Broadly speaking, this research covers two areas of inquiry. The first attempts to understand the sources of sex differences in labor markets in the context of surgery as a profession without resorting to explanations based on labor market discrimination. The dominant focus would be on how family economic decision making regarding the allocation of time and human capital investment may generate the observed differences between women and men in occupations, participation, and nonmarket work. The second area of concern could be existing discrimination and male predominance that might have led to a situation where female doctors are comparatively less interested in pursuing a career in, otherwise, exciting surgery. History of Women in Medicine Historically, women doctors are simultaneously a part of medicine and have been placed outside it, and their presence in large numbers is actually a destabilizing one. Surgery as a medical profession had always been seen as a symbol of masculinity, and that rests on an opposition between women and medicine. The century long history of medicine suggests that for long western culture was patriarchal in that it did marginalise women in the profession, reluctant to accept them on the same platform, and women as doctors have faced major hostility from the so called social dominance of masculinity. In fact, for quite some time, women were banned from joining surgery. Male Oriented Power and Privilege It had been previously conventional that medical power and privilege were male oriented; the operations and status

Mployee Relations Against A Changing Background Management Essay

Mployee Relations Against A Changing Background Management Essay Employee is the key element of an organization. The success of the organization depends much on the employee. Relationship among the employee and employer is an important issue in the present business world. by managing employee relation organization easily manage the organization goals. So the manager should have aware about the nature of employee relation and application on the business. For the overall activities of employee relation a manager have to the nature of conflict and its effect on the employee relationship. LO1: Understand the context of employee relations against a changing background Explain the unitary and pluralistic frames of reference (P1) Unitary reference In Unitary reference all the employee share their object, interest and purpose. By this way employee can work together, hand to hand. Moreover, unitary is a systematic approach where the entire employee should loyal to other. (Abbott, k. 2006) Unitary assumptions and values have played a significant role in three schools of theoretical and practical thought: theory of scientific management Human relations theory Human resource management Pluralistic reference Pluralists reference start from a set of view, assumption and values in which workplace conflict is inventible. Administration and workers constitute two such groups, who, because of the very nature of the factory system, which are seen as invariably subscribing to different values and objectives. (Abbott, k. 2006) Evaluate how the changes in trade unionism in the 20th century have affected employee relations within the organization (P2) Innovation of trade is old like human history but trade union come to form in the18th century. This becomes very powerful in the 19th century trade union come to form to maintain the interest of the business man. In the very first of the 20th century trade union become very powerful. in 1901 a bill was passed in the court that a tare union can sue against any organization or person for which organization become bound to give the proper right to the employee. From 1923-1929britain faces the conservation government in that time some general stick was held by the trade union which make the trade union more powerful and for this the unlimited freedom of management began to decrease. During the 1920s old industries like coal mining were declining. So in 1921 employers cut wages. In 1926 they proposed to cut wages and increase working hours. But the trade union protect against it. in the may 26 in 1926 a general stick held against it a processing also held where some employee died for which we observe the may day. By this the way trade union affects the employee relation (businesscasestudies, 2012). Explain the role of 4 main players in employee relations of an organization (P3) The main four player of an organization are chief exceptive officer, human resource manager, employee trainee and department head. All he persons play some incredible rule to maintain the employee relation. Their role are describe below Role of department head: Department head paly some important role to build up a unique relationship between the employee. A department head observed all the activities of the employee under his department which is very helpful to crate relationship. On the other hand he also monitors the relationship among the employees. Role of HR manager in employee relation: Human Resource Manager can develop the relationship by providing enough information, managing workforce engagement, and job design and so on Role of employee trainee in employee relation: by provide the proper training employee trainee ensure the proper employee relation. Role of financials manager: By making suitable wages and salary policy financial manager help to maintain employee relationship Why do you think the field of Industrial Relations has been replaced with the name Employee Relations over the years? Give examples to support your answer (M1) Industrial relation means the relation between industries and employee relation means the relation among the employee, employer and management. The term industrial relation has been replaced with the name f the employee relation .i support this statement for the below reasons Industrial relation replaced by the employee relation because RE concept is much helpful to the firm Employee relation is easier to understand for the general employee. industrial relation is not so much effective than the employee relation now employee is consider the core element of any organization for which industrial relation replaced The value of industrial relation cant maintain the better relationship. (naukrihub ,2012). LO2: Understand the nature of industrial conflict and its resolution Explain the procedures an organization should follow when dealing with different conflict situations Every organization faces many types of conflict. Many organizations maintain a code of procedure to solve the workplace conflict. The procedure of dealing with different conflict situation maintain three steps Indentify causes of conflict Identify the way of solve conflict situation Ways of implement solving procedure Conflict solve procedure Armstrong, M,(2003), Identify the causes of conflict: For many causes conflict can arise in an organization. the most common reason are given below sexual harassment in the organization is the prime cause of employee conflict conflict may be arises for the leadership problems past problem which cant solve in the proper tome can be the cause of conflict unhealthy and risky working condition unplanned communication system lack of proper training Identify the ways of solving conflict: Conflict must be solving for the organization further success and maintain proper employee relation. There are many ways to solving the conflict of the organization. Those are ensuring the safety and healthy workplace manager can solve workplace conflict giving reward for maintaining employee relation giving the wages and salary in time by maintain proper communication system managing NO HARASMENT policies in all sectors of the business by employee empowerment business can solve workplace conflict Ways to implement solving procedure: There are many ways to implement the solving measures. An organization can implement the solving procedure by the following ways by taking open decision from all of the members of the organization because many innovative ideas may come from general members make a conversation with the Human Resource Manager of the organization and employee representative by managing all business records Making formal commitment about the employee right organization can solve the conflict. Explain the key features of employee relations in a real life conflict situation of British American Tobago (BAT) British American Tobago is very conscious about the employee relation because this company knows that the overall success of an organization depends much on the proper employee relation. In the real life this company maintains some feature to manage the employee relation. Those features are evaluate the degree of employee relation evaluate the contribution of the employee relation to the business success and evaluate the necessary of employee relation in the real life In the real life this company thinks that the employee relation depend on the following feature compensation and payment process securities and safeties of the employees how organizational works are manage and labor management issue Evaluate the effectiveness of procedures used in a conflict situation from real life organization Lack of better understanding between the employee and employer and employee and management can refer as workplace conflict. In the above we see that there is a three steps procedure to solve a conflict. But there is a question may arise how effective of this procedures are? The effectiveness can evaluate by the many ways British American Tobago evaluate the effectiveness by the following ways consumed time to solve a conflict efficiency of solve of a convict cost of organization to solve a conflict measuring the employee relation after solving the conflict the efficiency of the conflict solve procedure measure Torrington Hall, (2007), Present findings from the reasons for conflict between British Airways Cabin Crew staff and management. British airways are a famous airways industry in the world. This is one of the leading companies in the air way industry. in the recent time there is a conflict arise among the cabin crew staff and management. The reasons of this conflict are given below cabin crew said that their salary is low in the measurement of their quality there is a lack of safety they have no insurance poor communication and there is lack of understanding between the cabin crew and manger LO3: Understand collective bargaining and negotiation processes Explain the role of negotiation in collective bargaining (P7) Conflict may arise in the organization for the bargain about any issue of the organization among the employees and management. This problem can solve by the collective bargaining. The definition of collective bargaining is a procedure of negotiation of any current issue of the organization. Negotiation plays some important role in the collective bargaining. The negotiation is mainly based on the employee salary and safety of the employee. The roles of negotiation in the collective bargaining are Torrington Hall, (2007) negotiation settle the industrial conflict negotiation decrease the unlimited freedom of the management by the negotiation employee become satisfied for which the production increase negotiation create a better relationship between the employee and employer By the negotiation the interests of the trade union fulfill. Critically reflect on any current conflict situation of any public or private organization in UK and give clear conclusions on the effectiveness of negotiation process between two parties (D1) Acas is a rewound organization in the UK. This company is very aware about right of its employee. But recently there is a conflict between the management body of acas and its employee. This conflict happened for many reasons among the lack of equal opportunity, less safety working conditions, unfair treatment, unbearable work load in main For these problems a conflict arises between the management and employee of acas. But this problem was taken under control by the governing body of acas using the negotiation process. To solve this problem governing body discuss with the human resource manager and identify the causes of conflict then they discuss with the employee representative. After discussion the governing understand the reason of conflict. Then the governing body takes some decision based on the employee wants and management lacking. (Acas , 2012) Evaluate the impact of negotiation strategy of London Transport Association for conflict with Tube workers in recent times. (P8) Negotiation is very important to solve the conflict. The negotiation is necessary for all types of company as it production based or service based. For this the negotiation plays an important role to solve the conflict between the London Transport Association and its employee. The impact negotiation to solve the conflict of London Transport Association are discuss below negotiation settle the London Transport Association conflict negotiation decrease the unlimited freedom of the management of the London Transport Association by the negotiation employee become satisfied for which the services standard of London Transport Association increases negotiation create a better relationship between the employee and employer of London Transport Association By the negotiation the interest of the trade union fulfills. Who work on behalf of the employee of the London Transport Association LO4: Understand the concept of employee participation and involvement Evaluate the influence of the EU policies and directives on industrial democracy of workers within the UK (P9) EU policies influence the industrial democracy of workers of UK. Suppose the anti harassment policy make a women move freely in the workplace. They can join any workplace without mental problem like harassment problem. Trade policy is another derivative of EU which indicates the degree of freedom of an organization. By this policy an organization involve in the international business. Safety and healthy workplace is n important policy of EU by which an industrial freedom is measured. If the workplace is safe for the employee the employee get more democratic right thus EU policies influence the UK employee freedom. The impact of UN policies in the UK are given below It protect the sunrise company of UK Vulnerable company of UK are protected by the EU policies EU policies manage the industrial freedom of the employee in the UK Influence the industrial democratic system of workers. Maintain Safety and healthy workplace in the UK business. (europa,2012). Taking help from the answer to Question 4.1 produce a report for LCC and recommend how these EU policies can benefit the organization for long term. (D2) A report LCC About the UN policies Report introduction: European Union is a combination of countries of the Europe. This union has some internal policies about business which influence on the UK business and others countries also. Those policies also influence on the industrial democracy. About the report: This report is about UN policies, the influence of UN policies impact on the democracy freedom and the lacking of the report. The impact of UN policies of the industrial freedom of the UK employee: EU policies influence the industrial democracy of workers of UK. Suppose the anti harassment policy make a women move freely in the workplace. They can join any workplace without mental problem like harassment problem. Trade policy is another derivative of EU which indicates the degree of freedom of an organization. By this policy an organization involve in the international business. Safety and healthy workplace is n important policy of EU by which an industrial freedom is measured. If the workplace is safe for the employee the employee get more democratic right thus EU policies influence the UK employee freedom. Recommendation: The operate policy of EU must be helpful for the general people of the Europe. The policy should be ensure the safety of the employee It is very looked-for to generate a safety and healthy agency for the employees. This must exist the democratic for the employer EU policies must be business oriented These policy must be helpful for the organization (europa,2012). Compare 3 methods used to gain employee participation and involvement in the decision making process in organizations (P10) Employee involvement is an important factor of human resource management. Employee involvement is an important tool to create employee interest on the work. by the employee involvement an employee was given the duty and power to any work for this thy do it with satisfaction. There are many ways of delegation, giving authority method, proper communication method, information method etc. Delegation: delegation is a process of delegate of work of the senior to the subordinate. In this process the supervisor gives responsibility to the subordinate to do any work with proper authority. This method is more effective than others. Proper information method: by providing proper information about the organization manager can give the power to the employee. In this method employee can access the organization information. Giving right technique: Everyone likes power or be a member of authority. Giving power employee involvement can increase. This method is more effective than other methods. Assess the impact of human resource management on employee relations (P11). Human resource management (HRM) is one of the most important parts of any business success and achievement of a business depends on the HRM practices of that business. The main activities of the human resource management are recruitment, employee selection, providing proper training to the employee, employee performance measurement, workplace planning and provide the employee salary and wages. The employee relation may influence by the human resource managements Decisions and activities crate influence on the employee relation. Human resource management always focuses on the employee and organizational development. Armstrong, M,(2003), Function of the human resource management assesses impact by the following ways: Employee selection policies and employee relation: When an organization selects an employee then it considers the employee behaviors. Every company wants to select those employees who are more friendly and skilled. HRM want to take those people who are smart and active and would have loyal to the organization culture for this the new employee can easily cope with the organization. All of the above functions are very helpful to maintain employee relation. Training and employee relation: Providing training is an important function of the HRM. The employee relation depends much on the employee training and development. By giving training to the employee based on the employee relation may helpful to maintain the e3mployee relation. Job design and employee relation: Sometime HRM designs job of the employee based on some assumption. They think workplace is the best place to build up a relationship among the employee because employee spends most of his time in the workplace. Some time job design is based on the help of other method where an employee must have to take help from the other employee. This policy is very helpful for the management to build up an employee relationship. Wages and salary method and employee relation: The relationship between the employee and employer, and employee and management depend on the salary method. if an organization cant pay the salary properly or on the fixed time the overall relationship among the management and employee may breakdown. Work place planning and employee relation: Employee relation depends much on the workplace planning. Safety and healthy workplace help employees to build up a relationship among them. Combine work for example will help employer to create a better relationship with them. Stone, R. (1995) Support your answer in P11 by critically evaluating the impact of any 3 HR practices in improving employee relations in a large organization of your choice (D3). British American Tobago (BAT) is world famous company which is very much aware about the employee relation. The human resource management of BAT is responsible for the employee relation. in the below three human resource planning are discuss which improving the employee relation of the BAT. Employee selection policies of BAT and employee relation: When British American Tobago selects an employee then it considers the employee behaviors. British American Tobago selects those employees who are more friendly and skilled. HRM want to take those people who are smart and active and would have loyal to the organization culture for this the new employee can easily cope with the organization. all of the above functions are very helpful to maintain employee relation in the BAT. (LinkedIn, 2012) Training of British American Tobago and employee relation: Providing training is an important function of the HRM. The employee relation depends much on the employee training and development. By giving training to the employee based on the employee relation create helpful situation for BAT to maintain the e3mployee relation. Job design of British American Tobago and employee relation: and employee relation: British American Tobago designs job of the employee based on some assumption. They think workplace is the best place to build up a relationship among the employee because employee spends most of his time in the workplace. Some time job design is based on the help of other method where an employee must have to take help from the other employee. This policy is very helpful for the management to build up a employee relationship. (LinkedIn, 2012) Wages and salary method of British American Tobago and employee relation: The relationship between the employee and employer, and employee and management depend on the salary method. if British American Tobago cant pay the salary properly or on the fixed time the overall relationship among the management and employee may breakdown. Conclusion: the word employee relation cannot use alone. If we want to ensure proper employee relation in the organization we have to manage the workplace conflict, negotiation process, and collective bargaining. We also know the different relationship theories.